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The ''Policía Armada'' ((英語:Armed Police)), conventional long name ''Cuerpo de Policía Armada y de Tráfico'', —popularly known as ''los grises'' ((英語:the grey ones)) owing to the color of their uniforms— was an armed urban police force of Spain established by the Francoist State in 1939 to enforce the repression of all opposition to the regime. Its mission was "total and permanent vigilance, as well as repression when deemed necessary.〔''... vigilancia total y permanente, así como de represión cuando fuera necesario...'' 〕 In the first years of operation, the ''Policía Armada'' was badly equipped in armament and vehicles. Its first commander was General Antonio Sagardía Ramos.〔Mariano Aguilar (1999); ''El ejército español durante el franquismo.'' Madrid: Ediciones Akal. ISBN 84-460-0962-5 p. 74〕 == History == Following the overthrow of the Spanish Republic in April 1939, the new Francoist regime initially relied on the Army in order to handle public order issues.〔Mariano Aguilar (1999); p. 58〕 By means of two sets of laws issued on 3 August 1939 and 8 March 1941 the Spanish State reorganized the police forces of Spain and established the Armed Police as a gendarmerie style national armed police that could be used to suppress disturbance of the public order and political organization in urban areas.〔Mariano Aguilar (1999); p. 62〕 Armed and trained for this purpose, it was intended to provide a more effective force for internal security duties in the large cities of Spain than the Guardia Civil that operated mainly in rural areas.〔 At the time of the Spanish coup of July 1936 that marked the onset of the Spanish Civil War most of the members of the preceding corps, the Assault Guards had stayed loyal to the Spanish Republican government and many of their units fought valiantly in the battlefronts against the Francoist armies and their allies.〔(Guardia de Asalto at Spartacus Educational )〕 This display of loyalty towards the Spanish Republic brought about the disbandment of the corps by General Franco at the end of the Civil War. The members of the ''Guardia de Asalto'' who had survived the combats and the ensuing Francoist purges were made part of the Policía Armada, the corps that replaced it.〔(Farrás, Salvador. ''Fuerzas de orden público y transición política (y II). La Policía Armada ). Diario 16. 25/10/1977.]〕 The ''Policía Armada'' was placed under the Directorate-General of Security ''(Dirección General de Seguridad)'' of the Spanish Ministry of Governance ''(Ministerio de la Gobernación)'' and towards the last phase of the Francoist regime it had earned a wide reputation as a ferocious corps, especially in the largest cities such as Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia, as well as the industrial areas of Spain such as parts of Asturias and the Basque country, where its well-equipped anti-riot units were ruthless and effective in quelling demonstrations by university students and workers that were often very large. In the months after the death of the dictator the Armed Police actively cracked down on protests and political rallies, continuing the infamous riot control operations of the dictatorship. Viewed as unpopular and too closely identified with Franco's dictatorship, the ''Policía Armada'' was slightly reorganized in the first years of the Spanish Transition, when brown uniforms replaced the former grey ones, among other cosmetic changes.〔(EL PAIS - La Policía Armada vestirá desde principio de 1979 de color marrón )〕 The effort, however, revealed itself hopeless for the brutal and harsh image of the corps could not be improved and in 1979 the Armed Police was replaced by the Cuerpo de Policía Nacional.〔Ramón Tamames, (1974). ''Historia de España Alfaguara VII. La República. La Era de Franco.'' Madrid: Alianza Editorial〕 == Ranks == The ranks and insignia of the ''Policía Armada'' displayed its military character and structure.〔Mariano Aguilar (1999); pág. 63〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Policía Armada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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